本文概述
堆排序通过使用给定数组的元素创建最小堆或最大堆来处理元素。最小堆或最大堆表示数组的顺序, 其中根元素表示数组的最小或最大元素。在每一步中, 都将删除堆的根元素并将其存储到已排序的数组中, 然后将再次对堆进行堆化。
堆排序基本上以递归方式执行两个主要操作。
- 使用ARR的元素构建堆H。
- 重复删除阶段1中形成的堆的根元素。
复杂
复杂 | 最好的情况 | 平均情况 | 最差的情况 |
---|---|---|---|
Time Complexity | Ω(n对数(n)) | θ(n log(n)) | O(n对数(n)) |
Space Complexity | O(1) |
算法
HEAP_SORT(ARR, N)
- 步骤1:[Build H堆]对i = 0重复N-1次调用INSERT_HEAP(ARR, N, ARR [i])[结束循环]
- 步骤2:重复删除根元素当N> 0时重复CALL Delete_Heap(ARR, N, VAL)SET N = N + 1 [LOOP LOOP]
- 步骤3:结束
C程序
#include<stdio.h>
int temp;
void heapify(int arr[], int size, int i)
{
int largest = i;
int left = 2*i + 1;
int right = 2*i + 2;
if (left < size && arr[left] >arr[largest])
largest = left;
if (right < size && arr[right] > arr[largest])
largest = right;
if (largest != i)
{
temp = arr[i];
arr[i]= arr[largest];
arr[largest] = temp;
heapify(arr, size, largest);
}
}
void heapSort(int arr[], int size)
{
int i;
for (i = size / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--)
heapify(arr, size, i);
for (i=size-1; i>=0; i--)
{
temp = arr[0];
arr[0]= arr[i];
arr[i] = temp;
heapify(arr, i, 0);
}
}
void main()
{
int arr[] = {1, 10, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 100, 23, 2};
int i;
int size = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
heapSort(arr, size);
printf("printing sorted elements\n");
for (i=0; i<size; ++i)
printf("%d\n", arr[i]);
}
输出:
printing sorted elements
1
1
2
2
2
3
4
10
23
100
Java程序
#include<stdio.h>
int temp;
void heapify(int arr[], int size, int i)
{
int largest = i;
int left = 2*i + 1;
int right = 2*i + 2;
if (left < size && arr[left] >arr[largest])
largest = left;
if (right < size && arr[right] > arr[largest])
largest = right;
if (largest != i)
{
temp = arr[i];
arr[i]= arr[largest];
arr[largest] = temp;
heapify(arr, size, largest);
}
}
void heapSort(int arr[], int size)
{
int i;
for (i = size / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--)
heapify(arr, size, i);
for (i=size-1; i>=0; i--)
{
temp = arr[0];
arr[0]= arr[i];
arr[i] = temp;
heapify(arr, i, 0);
}
}
void main()
{
int arr[] = {1, 10, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 100, 23, 2};
int i;
int size = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
heapSort(arr, size);
printf("printing sorted elements\n");
for (i=0; i<size; ++i)
printf("%d\n", arr[i]);
}
输出:
printing sorted elements
1
1
2
2
2
3
4
10
23
100
C#程序
using System;
public class HeapSorting {
static void heapify(int[] arr, int size, int i)
{
int largest = i;
int left = 2*i + 1;
int right = 2*i + 2;
int temp;
if (left < size && arr[left] > arr[largest])
largest = left;
if (right < size && arr[right] > arr[largest])
largest = right;
if (largest != i)
{
temp = arr[i];
arr[i]= arr[largest];
arr[largest] = temp;
heapify(arr, size, largest);
}
}
static void heapSort(int[] arr, int size)
{
int i;
int temp;
for (i = size / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--)
heapify(arr, size, i);
for (i=size-1; i>=0; i--)
{
temp = arr[0];
arr[0]= arr[i];
arr[i] = temp;
heapify(arr, i, 0);
}
}
public void Main()
{
int[] arr = {1, 10, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 100, 23, 2};
int i;
heapSort(arr, 10);
Console.WriteLine("printing sorted elements");
for (i=0; i<10; ++i)
Console.WriteLine(arr[i]);
}
}
输出:
printing sorted elements
1
1
2
2
2
3
4
10
23
100
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