R直方图示例图解

直方图是一种条形图, 它显示了与一组值范围进行比较的值的数量的频率。直方图用于分布, 而条形图用于比较不同实体。在直方图中, 每个条形表示给定范围内存在的值的数量的高度。

为了创建直方图, R提供了hist()函数, 该函数将向量作为输入并使用更多参数来添加更多功能。 hist()函数的语法如下：

hist(v, main, xlab, ylab, xlim, ylim, breaks, col, border)

这里,

让我们看一个示例, 在该示例中, 我们借助v, main, col等必需参数创建一个简单的直方图。

例子

# Creating data for the graph.
v <-  c(12, 24, 16, 38, 21, 13, 55, 17, 39, 10, 60)

# Giving a name to the chart file.
png(file = "histogram_chart.png")

# Creating the histogram.
hist(v, xlab = "Weight", ylab="Frequency", col = "green", border = "red")

# Saving the file.
dev.off()

输出

让我们看看更多示例, 在这些示例中, 我们使用了hist()函数的不同参数来添加更多功能或创建更具吸引力的图表。

示例：使用xlim和ylim参数

# Creating data for the graph.
v <-  c(12, 24, 16, 38, 21, 13, 55, 17, 39, 10, 60)

# Giving a name to the chart file.
png(file = "histogram_chart_lim.png")

# Creating the histogram.
hist(v, xlab = "Weight", ylab="Frequency", col = "green", border = "red", xlim = c(0, 40), ylim = c(0, 3), breaks = 5)

# Saving the file.
dev.off()

输出

示例：查找hist()的返回值

# Creating data for the graph.
v <-  c(12, 24, 16, 38, 21, 13, 55, 17, 39, 10, 60)

# Giving a name to the chart file.
png(file = "histogram_chart_lim.png")
# Creating the histogram.
m<-hist(v)
m

输出

示例：使用text()为标签使用直方图返回值

# Creating data for the graph.
v <-  c(12, 24, 16, 38, 21, 13, 55, 17, 39, 10, 60, 120, 40, 70, 90)
# Giving a name to the chart file.
png(file = "histogram_return.png")

# Creating the histogram.
m<-hist(v, xlab = "Weight", ylab="Frequency", col = "darkmagenta", border = "pink", breaks = 5)
#Setting labels
text(m$mids, m$counts, labels=m$counts, adj=c(0.5, -0.5))
# Saving the file.
dev.off()

输出

示例：使用非均匀宽度的直方图

# Creating data for the graph.
v <-  c(12, 24, 16, 38, 21, 13, 55, 17, 39, 10, 60, 120, 40, 70, 90)
# Giving a name to the chart file.
png(file = "histogram_non_uniform.png")
# Creating the histogram.
hist(v, xlab = "Weight", ylab="Frequency", xlim=c(50, 100), col = "darkmagenta", border = "pink", breaks=c(10, 55, 60, 70, 75, 80, 100, 120))
# Saving the file.
dev.off()

输出