与C/C++的结构体不同, C#中的成员可以是方法, 字段, 索引器, 运算符方法, 属性或事件的成员。成员可以具有公共, 私有和内部访问说明符。
指针是存储相同类型变量的地址的变量, 即int指针可以存储整数的地址, char指针可以存储char的地址, 并且对于所有其他基本或用户定义的数据类型都类似。
你可以通过以下方式使用结构体类型为指针的结构体成员:
1)使用箭头运算符:如果结构体的成员是公共的, 则可以使用箭头运算符(->)直接访问它们。如果它们是私有的, 则可以定义用于访问值的方法, 并使用指针来访问方法。箭头运算符可用于访问结构体变量和方法。
语法如下:
PointerName->memberName;
例子:
// C# Program to show the use of
// pointers to access struct members
using System;
namespace GFG {
// Defining a struct Student
struct Student
{
// With members
// roll number and marks
public int rno;
public double marks;
// Constructor to initialize values
public Student( int r, double m)
{
rno = r;
marks = m;
}
}; // end of struct Student
class Program {
// Main Method
static void Main( string [] args)
{
// unsafe so as to use pointers
unsafe
{
// Declaring two Student Variables
Student S1 = new Student(1, 95.0);
Student S2 = new Student(2, 79.5);
// Declaring two Student pointers
// and initializing them with addresses
// of S1 and S2
Student* S1_ptr = &S1;
Student* S2_ptr = &S2;
// Displaying details of Student using pointers
// Using the arrow ( -> ) operator
Console.WriteLine( "Details of Student 1" );
Console.WriteLine( "Roll Number: {0} Marks: {1}" , S1_ptr -> rno, S1_ptr -> marks);
Console.WriteLine( "Details of Student 2" );
Console.WriteLine( "Roll Number: {0} Marks: {1}" , S2_ptr -> rno, S2_ptr -> marks);
} // end unsafe
} // end main
} // end class
}
输出如下:
2)使用解引用运算符:你还可以使用指针上的解引用运算符来访问结构体元素, 该操作是使用星号来解引用指针, 然后使用点运算符来指定结构体元素。
语法如下:
(*PointerName).MemberName;
例子:
// C# Program to illustrate the use
// of dereferencing operator
using System;
namespace GFG {
// Defining struct Employee
struct Employee{
// Elements Eid and Salary
// With properties get and set
public int Eid
{
get ;
set ;
}
public double Salary
{
get ;
set ;
}
}
; // Employee ends
class Program {
// Main Method
static void Main( string [] args)
{
// unsafe so as to use pointers
unsafe
{
// Declaring a variable of type Employee
Employee E1;
// Declaring pointer of type Employee
// initialized to point to E1
Employee* ptr = &E1;
// Accessing struct elements using
// dereferencing operator
// calls the set accessor
(*ptr).Eid = 1101;
(*ptr).Salary = 1000.00;
Console.WriteLine( "Details of Employee" );
// calls the get accessor
Console.WriteLine( "Employee Id: {0}\nSalary: {1}" , (*ptr).Eid, (*ptr).Salary);
} // end unsafe
} // end Main
} // end class
}
输出如下:
注意:要在Visual Studio(2012)上编译不安全代码, 请转到项目–> ProjectName属性–>生成–>选中”允许不安全代码”框。
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